What do systematic reviews say?

IVIg vs placebo

Intravenous immunoglobulin showed no clear difference in death compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.88]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Low

Motivational interviewing vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether motivational interviewing changes death compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.07, 15.73]
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low

Vasopressin receptor antagonists vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vasopressin receptor antagonists changes death compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for chronic non‐hypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.92, 1.33]
  15 studies · 2330 participants
  Very low

Dietary modifications (counselling or dietary change) vs control

• Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 539 participants
  Very low

Memantine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Donepezil vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Computer‐based diabetes self‐management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 3578 participants
  High

Brief admission to psychiatric hospital by self‐referral plus treatment as usual vs treatment

Brief admission to psychiatric hospital by self‐referral plus… showed no clear difference in deatha Timing of outcome assessment: 12 months compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.05, 5.29]
  1 study · 125 participants
  Low

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in adverse events causing death or study drug discontinuation compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

• Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.25, 1.38]
  1 study · 126 participants
  Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in death at final compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

• Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.44, 1.32]
  4 studies · 278 participants
  Low

Unfractionated heparin vs no pharmacological anticoagulation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Citrate vs unfractionated heparin

Citrate showed no clear difference in death at 28 days compared with unfractionated heparin (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing clotting of extracorporeal circuits during continuous renal replacement… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.86, 1.3]
  5 studies · 462 participants
  Moderate

Bovine colostrum vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synsorb Pk vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Urtoxazumab (3.0 mg/kg) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether urtoxazumab (3.0 mg/kg) changes death (any cause) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.14]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low

Urtoxazumab (1.0 mg/kg) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether urtoxazumab (1.0 mg/kg) changes death (any cause) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.06, 14.59]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any weight loss intervention vs usual care or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in death at one year (low certainty).

• Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.57, 1.92]
  5 studies · 267 participants
  Low

Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide

Rituximab showed no clear difference in death at 6 months compared with cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.21, 4.7]
  2 studies · 241 participants
  Moderate