What do systematic reviews say?

Honey vs placebo

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs control

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in fever: day 3 compared with control (high certainty).

• Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.53, 1.07]
  8 studies · 1443 participants
  High

Antibiotics vs control

Antibiotics leads to lower headache: day 3 compared with control (high certainty).

• Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.34, 0.7]
  4 studies · 1020 participants
  High

Antibiotics vs control

Antibiotics probably leads to lower sore throat: day 3 compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for treatment of sore throat in children and adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.6, 0.8]
  16 studies · 3730 participants
  Moderate

Montelukast vs placebo

• Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 132 participants
  Low

Nebulised hypertonic saline vs nebulised 0.9% saline

• Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 785 participants
  Low

Honey vs placebo

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs placebo

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Honey vs salbutamol

• Honey for acute cough in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 participants
  GRADE not reported

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chest physiotherapy vs no chest physiotherapy

Chest physiotherapy showed no clear difference in duration of hospital stay (days) ( compared with no chest physiotherapy (low certainty).

• Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.1
  4 studies · 415 participants
  Low

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

• Systemic corticosteroids for acute otitis media in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

NSAIDs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

NSAIDs vs paracetamol

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes to 7 days compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.17, 3.23]
  2 studies · 38 participants
  Very low

Paracetamol vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Vitamin A for treating measles in children 2005 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 278 participants
  Moderate

Palivizumab vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Palivizumab leads to lower number of wheezing days compared with placebo, no intervention or standard care (high certainty).

• Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.39 [0.35, 0.44]
  1 study · 429 participants
  High

Point‐of‐care biomarkers (procalcitonin) for infection vs usual care

• Biomarkers as point‐of‐care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in people with acute respiratory infections in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 277 participants
  GRADE not reported