Caesarean section · Pregnant women who had reached the gestational age of fetal viability
Routine fetal movement counting showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with mixed or undefined fetal movement counting (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… probably leads to higher caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis · women in established labour and their babies.
Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… probably leads to higher caesarean section for fetal distress and/or fetal acidosis compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring
Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks
Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in caesarean section (any) compared with fetal growth (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women at less than 36 weeks' gestation in whom there is clinical suspicion of fetal compromise
Immediate leads to higher caesarean section compared with deferred delivery of the preterm baby with suspected fetal compromise (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural anaesthesia for pain relief excluding for caesarean section · women in established labour and their babies.
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women with term or near term (> 37 weeks' gestation) with suspected fetal macrosomia
Induction of labour showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · fetal malposition in labour
Lateral postures showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with other postures (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · fetal malposition in labour
Hands and knees posture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with other postures (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
X‐ray pelvimetry may leads to higher caesarean section compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · Pregnant women undergoing fetal assessment during labour
Continuous CTG may leads to higher caesarean section compared with intermittent auscultation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · Pregnant women with singleton fetuses who were of 20 weeks' gestation and above.
It is very uncertain whether tape measurement changes caesarean section compared with clinical palpation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section for non‐reassuring or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns · Pregnant women with/without complications
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section for non‐reassuring or abnormal fetal heart rate patterns · Pregnant women with/without complications
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Caesarean section · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus
Balloon (Foley or ATAD) may leads to higher caesarean section compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus
Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to higher caesarean section compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review