Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 5 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 33.3%Low 2 · 33.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 2 · 33.3%

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days compared with very early CPAP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.27]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Indomethacin vs placebo or control

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

Indomethacin showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days compared with placebo or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [0.6, 3.51]
1 study · 55 participants
Low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (oxygen dependency at 28 days) compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.35, 3.13]
2 studies · 209 participants
Very low

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.85, 1.01]
3 studies · 1075 participants
High

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.01]
8 studies · 958 participants
High

Caffeine vs other methylxanthines

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants

Caffeine showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease: defined as 28 days… compared with other methylxanthines (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Caffeine versus other methylxanthines for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.92, 2.11]
Studies not reported
Low