Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

61 questions · 61 findings · 33 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 11 · 18%GRADE not reported 6 · 9.8%Very low 17 · 27.9%Low 15 · 24.6%Moderate 9 · 14.8%High 3 · 4.9%

Beclometasone vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 2 and 3 COPD (mainly FEV1 49 ± 12% predicted), ex‐smokers (majority), smokers and non‐smokers

It is very uncertain whether beclometasone changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beclometasone/LABA vs LABA

Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 3 COPD, smokers and ex‐smokers with a minimum pack‐year history of 20

It is very uncertain whether beclometasone/LABA changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with LABA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Electrocoagulation in combination with allopurinol or with dimethyl sulphoxide vs control (vehicle solution of allopurinol by mouth)

All‐cause mortality at last · people with liver metastases

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Electrocoagulation in combination with… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality at last compared with control (vehicle solution of allopurinol by mouth) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol and budesonide vs salmeterol and fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/budesonide vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/mometasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/mometasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adults: formoterol/ICS vs salmeterol/ICS

All‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/fluticasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone · adults, chronic asthma: all‐cause mortality

Adults: formoterol/ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ formoterol/fluticasone vs salmeterol/fluticasone compared with salmeterol/ICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · hospitalised and unvaccinated individuals with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of symptomatic COVID‐19

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Methylprednisolone changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days compared with dexamethasone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review