What do systematic reviews say?

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.15]
  3 studies · 3300 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Antithrombin concentrates vs no antithrombin concentrates

It is very uncertain whether summary of Findings Table ‐ Antithrombin concentrates changes all‐cause mortality ‐ Intention‐to‐treat analysis compared with no antithrombin concentrates (very low certainty).

• Prophylaxis of thromboembolism during therapy with asparaginase in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.26, 1.19]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether non‐surgical changes long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (very low certainty).

• Non‐surgical versus surgical treatment for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.39 [1.18, 1.64]
  3 studies · 512 participants
  Very low

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

• Non‐surgical versus surgical treatment for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.76, 1.03]
  4 studies · 602 participants
  Low
• Non‐surgical versus surgical treatment for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.78, 1.26]
  2 studies · 431 participants
  Very low

TDC vs medical therapy

TDC showed no clear difference in secondary outcome: all‐cause mortality at the end of compared with medical therapy (low certainty).

• Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.23, 1.84]
  3 studies · 2303 participants
  Low

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (binary): definitive chemoradiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

• Non‐surgical versus surgical treatment for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.93, 1.16]
  2 studies · 431 participants
  Low

Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Evening vs morning dosing regimen

It is very uncertain whether evening changes all‐cause mortality compared with morning dosing regimen (very low certainty).

• Evening versus morning dosing regimen drug therapy for hypertension 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.04, 5.42]
  1 study · 735 participants
  Very low

Double‐dose adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation

Double‐dose adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir… may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with liver transplantation (low certainty).

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.22, 0.73]
  1 study · 86 participants
  Low

Adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver transplantation vs liver transplantation

It is very uncertain whether adenovirus‐thymidine kinase with ganciclovir (ADV‐TK/GCV) plus liver… changes all‐cause mortality compared with liver transplantation (very low certainty).

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.39 [0.2, 0.76]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Very low

DFX film‐coated tablet vs DFX dispersible tablet

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  7.3 [0.14, 368.15]
  1 study · 173 participants
  Very low

DFP and DFO vs DFP

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0.77 [0.17, 3.42]
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Comparison 3 ‐ deferiprone (DFP) vs deferoxamine

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Comparison 1 ‐ deferiprone (DFP) changes all‐cause mortality compared with deferoxamine (DFO) (very low certainty).

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.18, 1.21]
  3 studies · 376 participants
  Very low

DFP and DFO vs deferoxamine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Deferasirox vs deferiprone (DFO)

• Interventions for improving adherence to iron chelation therapy in people with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0.96 [0.06, 15.42]
  2 studies · 240 participants
  Very low

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

NPWT vs the Bogota bag

It is very uncertain whether NPWT changes all‐cause mortality compared with the Bogota bag (very low certainty).

• Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.27, 1.88]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Suprasorb CNP system vs the ABThera system

It is very uncertain whether suprasorb CNP system changes all‐cause mortality compared with the ABThera system (very low certainty).

• Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non‐trauma patients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.89]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Aspirin vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes all‐cause mortality compared with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (very low certainty).

• Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.12, 73.24]
  1 study · 440 participants
  Very low
• Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.47]
  1 study · 440 participants
  Very low

Aspirin vs low molecular weight heparin

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes all‐cause mortality compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

• Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.06, 15.81]
  2 studies · 781 participants
  Very low
• Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.06, 15.89]
  1 study · 440 participants
  Very low