Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 15 findings · 8 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

No studies found 3 · 20%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 6.7%Low 6 · 40%Moderate 3 · 20%High 2 · 13.3%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Full or partial opioid agonist maintenance vs placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment (buprenorphine maintenance compared to taper or treatment

Adverse events · pharmaceutical opioid dependent people

It is very uncertain whether full or partial opioid agonist maintenance changes adverse events compared with placebo, detoxification only or psychological treatment… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

The intervention leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amantidine vs antidepressants

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

Amantidine showed no clear difference in adverse events as N of participants with at least one adverse event compared with antidepressants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review