Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

44 questions · 45 findings · 19 reviews

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No studies found 11 · 24.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 4.4%Very low 11 · 24.4%Low 14 · 31.1%Moderate 2 · 4.4%High 5 · 11.1%

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events · women with primary biliary cirrhosis.

It is very uncertain whether hormone replacement changes adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.26 [1.26, 22.04]
2 studies · 49 participants
Very low

Knee replacement with tourniquet vs knee replacement without tourniquet

Serious adverse events

Knee replacement with tourniquet probably leads to higher serious adverse events compared with knee replacement without tourniquet (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tourniquet use for knee replacement surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.73 [1.1, 2.73]
21 studies · 1799 participants
Moderate

Fast‐acting nicotine replacement therapy vs nicotine patch

Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1252 participants
Very low

Preloading nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) vs standard‐use NRT

Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke

Preloading nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed no clear difference in overall serious adverse events compared with standard‐use NRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.59, 2.09]
4 studies · 3908 participants
Low

Bupropion plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) vs NRT

Serious adverse events · people who smoke

Bupropion plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with NRT alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [0.26, 8.89]
4 studies · 657 participants
Low

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.71 [0.42, 17.38]
19 studies · 1347 participants
Very low

Repair of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite) vs Replacement of a defective resin composite restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with resin composite)

Adverse events · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective resin composite restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: resin composite 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above)
No randomised controlled trials were found
0 studies
No studies found

Repair of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam) vs Replacement of a defective amalgam restoration in a permanent molar or premolar tooth (with amalgam)

Adverse events · Adults (16 years or over) with one or more defective amalgam restoration(s) in a molar or premolar tooth/teeth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Replacement versus repair of defective restorations in adults: amalgam 2014 · Cochrane All outcomes
Medium term (less than 5 years) or long term (5 years and above)
No randomised controlled trials were found
0 studies
No studies found

Any cold therapy vs no cold therapy following total knee replacement

Adverse events Adverse events included discomfort, local skin reactions, superficial infections, cold induced injuries and thrombolytic events · people undergoing total knee replacement

It is very uncertain whether any cold therapy changes total adverse eventsAdverse events included discomfort, local skin… compared with no cold therapy following total knee replacement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cryotherapy following total knee replacement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.53, 3.2]
16 studies · 1199 participants
Very low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Adverse events: infection · AKI

Early showed no clear difference in adverse events: infection compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [1, 1.77]
5 studies · 4252 participants
High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Adverse events: hypotension · AKI

Early leads to higher adverse events: hypotension compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.54 [1.29, 1.85]
5 studies · 3864 participants
High

Combination vs nicotine replacement therapy monotherapy

Overall serious adverse events · people who smoke

Combination showed no clear difference in overall serious adverse events compared with single‐form nicotine replacement therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.44 [0.76, 25.85]
5 studies · 2888 participants
Low

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Adverse events: hypophosphataemia · AKI

Early leads to higher adverse events: hypophosphataemia compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [1.33, 2.44]
1 study · 2927 participants
High

Intensive vs less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Adverse events: hypophosphataemia · AKI

Intensive leads to higher adverse events: hypophosphataemia compared with less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [1.11, 1.31]
1 study · 1441 participants
High

Early vs standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT)

Adverse events: cardiac‐rhythm disorder · AKI

Early leads to higher adverse events: cardiac‐rhythm disorder compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of kidney replacement therapy initiation for acute kidney injury 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [1.04, 1.75]
6 studies · 4483 participants
High

Alglucosidase alfa plus albuterol vs alglucosidase alfa plus placebo

Adverse events · 13 people with LOPD

It is very uncertain whether alglucosidase alfa plus albuterol changes adverse events compared with alglucosidase alfa plus placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enzyme replacement therapy for late‐onset Pompe disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.18]
1 study · 13 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ECM vs ECT

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ECM vs ECMM

Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis and proven pancreatic insufficiency

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ECM vs a different ECM

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 83 participants
Low

Summary of findings: ECM vs TPE

Adverse events · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found