Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

59 questions · 59 findings · 23 reviews

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No studies found 14 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.7%Very low 15 · 25.4%Low 14 · 23.7%Moderate 11 · 18.6%High 4 · 6.8%

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Local adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 6125 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Systemic adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 5372 participants
High

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

All topical NSAIDs Withdrawals ‐ adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
42 studies · 5790 participants
High

NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse events

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.76 [0.44, 7.1]
1 study · 146 participants
Very low

NSAIDs vs paracetamol

Adverse events

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes adverse events compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [0.43, 6.9]
3 studies · 281 participants
Very low

NSAIDs vs glucocorticoids

Total adverse events · acute gout

NSAIDs probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with glucocorticoids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [1.03, 2.55]
Studies not reported
Moderate

NSAIDs vs placebo

Total adverse events · acute gout

NSAIDs showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.85]
Studies not reported
Low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 292 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NSAIDs vs glucocorticoids

Withdrawals due to adverse events · acute gout

NSAIDs showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with glucocorticoids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.8 [0.55, 14.22]
Studies not reported
Moderate

NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

Topical NSAIDs showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.2, 12.14]
3 studies · 153 participants
Low

NSAIDs vs placebo

Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.18]
6 studies · 1394 participants
Very low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical NSAIDs vs topical placebo

Serious adverse events · adults with strains, sprains, or muscle pull

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

Number of serious adverse events · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

COX‐2 NSAIDs showed no clear difference in number of serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.14, 6.21]
669 participants
Moderate

COX‐2 NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with axSpA (AS and nr‐axSpA)

COX‐2 NSAIDs showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.36, 12.56]
669 participants
Low

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 185 participants
Low

Other NSAIDs vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ Stroke · cognitively healthy people in late life

Other NSAIDs showed no clear difference in adverse events – stroke compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.82 [0.76, 4.37]
1 study · 2500 participants
Moderate