Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

17 questions · 17 findings · 6 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 4 · 23.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 29.4%Low 5 · 29.4%Moderate 3 · 17.6%High 0 · 0%

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Allergic adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

It is very uncertain whether topical prophylaxis changes allergic adverse events compared with no topical prophylaxis (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Dropouts due to adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

It is very uncertain whether topical prophylaxis changes dropouts due to adverse events compared with no topical prophylaxis (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Gastrointestinal adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal adverse events compared with no topical prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes non‐serious adverse events compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Allergic adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in allergic adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Dropouts due to adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis vs placebo or no treatment

Gastrointestinal adverse events · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical plus systemic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes non‐serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of adverse events ‐ co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis only · children with HIV infection aged 12 years and under

The intervention showed no clear difference in incidence of adverse events ‐ co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review