Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

150 questions · 150 findings · 48 reviews

No studies found 19 · 12.7%GRADE not reported 21 · 14%Very low 40 · 26.7%Low 39 · 26%Moderate 23 · 15.3%High 8 · 5.3%

Remdesivir and standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events at up to day 28 · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

Remdesivir and standard care showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at up to day 28 compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs fentanyl

Constipation · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hydromorphone vs oxycodone

Constipation · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

It is very uncertain whether hydromorphone changes specific adverse events – constipation compared with oxycodone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo

Adverse events: all grades · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies… showed no clear difference in adverse events of any grade (by day 28) compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) vs moderate NMB

Short‐term serious adverse events (SAEs) · adults undergoing intra‐ and transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) changes short‐term serious adverse events (SAEs) compared with moderate NMB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Patients with one or more adverse events · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Remdesivir and standard care vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events: all grades · hospitalised individuals with COVID‐19 (moderate to severe disease)

Remdesivir and standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events (any grade) at up to day 28 compared with standard care (plus/minus placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

The intervention showed no clear difference in any adverse events during the trial period (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events during treatment period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in any adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active mild to moderate ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether inulin and oligofructose 15 g changes withdrawals due to adverse events (9 weeks) compared with inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine varnish vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse events (e.g. ulcers, tooth staining) · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during the trial period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table investigated…

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events during the trial period (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events during the study period · people with moderate to severe disease (WHO scale 4–9); all studies contributing results to the summary of findings table included people…

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in serious adverse events during the study period compared with placebo or standard of care alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review