Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

191 questions · 195 findings · 48 reviews

No studies found 67 · 34.4%GRADE not reported 24 · 12.3%Very low 72 · 36.9%Low 27 · 13.8%Moderate 5 · 2.6%High 0 · 0%

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. fall,… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal intentions) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Serious adverse events (number) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin versus pegylated interferon‐alpha · people with acute hepatitis C infection

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes serious adverse events (proportion) ‐ pegylated interferon‐alpha… compared with no intervention or control intervention (control) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

Non‐invasive brain stimulation showed no clear difference in adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria,… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 4 studies reported the frequency of self reported adverse events in the AED and placebo groups The results show a trend in favour of the placebo groups · people with epilepsy and intellectual disability

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events 4 studies reported the frequency of self reported… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review