Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

40 questions · 40 findings · 19 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 13 · 32.5%GRADE not reported 7 · 17.5%Very low 12 · 30%Low 4 · 10%Moderate 3 · 7.5%High 1 · 2.5%

Ambroxol vs corticosteroid (betamethasone)

Adverse effects in pregnant women frequency in pregnant women · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether ambroxol changes adverse effects in pregnant women frequency in pregnant women compared with corticosteroid (betamethasone) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse maternal psychological effects (anxiety, depression or complicated grief) · women with a previous stillbirth of ≥ 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse maternal psychological effects (anxiety, depression or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse maternal psychological effects (anxiety, depression or complicated grief) ‐ not measured · women with a previous stillbirth of > 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – maternal outcomes

Maternal adverse effects of therapy · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effects of therapy compared with betamethasone – maternal outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse (mild) effects in the mother · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes adverse (mild) effects in the mother compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LMWH prophylaxis vs UFH

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: LMWH changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with UFH (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review