Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

582 questions · 588 findings · 238 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 92 · 15.6%Very low 137 · 23.3%Low 134 · 22.8%Moderate 98 · 16.7%High 21 · 3.6%

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Ginger versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes ginger versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects: Acupressure versus placebo , no treatment or active controls · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Side effects or other adverse events · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in adverse events/side effects compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative systemic antibiotics (phenoxymethylpenicillin/penicillin VK, 7-day course), partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics vs Matched placebo, partial or total chemo-mechanical debridement and analgesics

Adverse effects · Adults with a symptomatic necrotic tooth or localised acute apical abscess (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)
1 finding from 1 review

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
2 findings from 1 review

Single preoperative dose of systemic antibiotics (clindamycin 600 mg), total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling vs Matched placebo, total chemo-mechanical debridement and root filling

Adverse effects · Adults with symptomatic apical periodontitis (no signs of spreading infection or systemic involvement)
1 finding from 1 review