Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

14 questions · 15 findings · 4 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3 · 20%GRADE not reported 2 · 13.3%Very low 9 · 60%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 1 · 6.7%High 0 · 0%

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of procedure or Aspiration failure · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects (of fracture and management) At 12 months · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
1 finding from 1 review

Injectional nicardipine vs Normal saline

Treatment‐related adverse effects · men with chronic Peyronie's disease (plaques without calcification)

It is very uncertain whether injectional nicardipine changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injectional collagenase vs placebo

Treatment‐related adverse effects · men with Peyronie's disease (diagnosis of disease: at least 12 months, penile curvature: at least 30 degrees)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Potassium paraaminobenzoate vs placebo

Treatment‐related adverse effects · men with acute (maximum of 12 months) Peyronie's disease with no prior treatment and no evidence of calcified plaques (pain during…

It is very uncertain whether potassium paraaminobenzoate changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs sham

Treatment‐related adverse effects · men with Peyronie's disease (palpable plaque or pain)

It is very uncertain whether extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT) changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with sham (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review