Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

127 questions · 127 findings · 52 reviews

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No studies found 65 · 51.2%GRADE not reported 26 · 20.5%Very low 20 · 15.7%Low 14 · 11%Moderate 2 · 1.6%High 0 · 0%

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Serious adverse effects · people aged 65 years and older living with frailty

1 finding from 1 review

Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 592 participants
Low

Topical corticosteroids vs Another topical agent or placebo

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
0 studies
No studies found

Topical thalidomide vs Another topical agent or placebo

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
0 studies
No studies found

Antiseptic mouthwash (e.g. chlorhexidine) vs Another topical agent or placebo

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
0 studies
No studies found

HAART regimen + topical treatment vs HAART alone

Adverse effects of long‐term use of available topical agents · HIV‐infected adults (> 13 years of age, per CDC) with one or more painful intraoral aphthous ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical treatments for HIV‐related oral ulcers 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies were included in this review. A total of 233 abstracts were retrieved; 25 were selected as potentially eligible but all were excluded (10 reported systemic rather than topical treatment; 3 non‐RCTs; 6…
0 studies
No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Adverse effects (headgear injuries, gum health, tooth damage/decay, root resorption) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or less at the start of treatment) undergoing orthodontic treatment to distalise upper first…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported by these studies.
0 studies
No studies found

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse effects were not reported in the studies of this comparison; no included study across the review reported adverse effects, harm or injury.
0 studies
No studies found

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects (tooth staining/discoloration, oral soft-tissue signs, adverse symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, enamel etching) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes
Data on adverse effects (stain score, proportion of children with tooth staining, signs of sensitivity in oral soft tissue, adverse symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, etching of enamel) were reported in only a few…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Asthma exacerbation (adverse effects) caused by inactivated influenza vaccine, measured in the first 2 weeks following vaccination ‐ children (over 3 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 712 participants
Moderate

Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs no‐treatment, waitlist, or attentional control

Adverse effects · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs parent training

Adverse effects · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Adverse effects · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction vs Single primary (canine) tooth extraction

Any other adverse effects of the interventions, such as gingival disease and demineralisation · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for surgical… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
The studies did not report adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for surgical… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Only root resorption was assessed; other adverse effects (gingival disease, demineralisation) were not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Flossing plus toothbrushing (self-performed; manual or automated floss) vs Toothbrushing alone

Side effects · Dentate adults aged 16 years or older (excluding orthodontic patients and those with severe periodontal disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Not estimable (5 studies). Adverse effects were assessed in five studies, but they used different outcome measures, so meta-analysis was not appropriate. The main harm identified was soft-tissue trauma to the gingival…
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Virtual reality distraction vs non‐VR distraction

Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0 to 18 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 429 participants
Very low

Virtual reality distraction vs other VR distraction

Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0‐18 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Virtual reality distraction vs no distraction

Adverse effects (related to engagement with VR) · children (0 to 18 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Virtual reality distraction for acute pain in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 154 participants
Very low

Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) vs Pushing Splints

Adverse effects · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
End of treatment
Galeotti 2021: occasional skin irritation on the chin and three appliance breakages (one facemask, two Pushing Splints).
1 study · 42 participants
GRADE not reported