Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

377 questions · 402 findings · 108 reviews

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No studies found 114 · 28.4%GRADE not reported 107 · 26.6%Very low 88 · 21.9%Low 41 · 10.2%Moderate 45 · 11.2%High 7 · 1.7%

EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard therapy (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Adverse effects · People with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx

10 findings from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Mucositis (all grades)
Mucositis all grades: not estimable due to high heterogeneity (P=0.0009; I2=86%) between subgroups (cetuximab; nimotuzumab) and within cetuximab (I2=93%); 1417 participants, 3 studies. Table 3, row 1.6 (Ang 2014;…
3 studies · 1417 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Skin toxicity/acneiform rash (cetuximab, all grades)
RR 6.56 [5.35, 8.03]
2 studies · 1311 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Xerostomia (grades >=3)
RR 1.36 [0.80, 2.31]
2 studies · 1311 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 7 more findings

Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Skin toxicity/acneiform rash (nimotuzumab, grades >=3)
RR 0.20 [0.01, 4.05]
1 study · 92 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Skin toxicity/acneiform rash (nimotuzumab, all grades)
RR 1.06 [0.85, 1.31]
1 study · 92 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Dysphagia (all grades)
RR 0.97 [0.92, 1.03]
3 studies · 1403 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Skin toxicity/acneiform rash (cetuximab, grades >=3)
RR 17.72 [8.33, 37.73]
3 studies · 1403 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Dysphagia (grades >=3)
RR 0.93 [0.83, 1.04]
3 studies · 1403 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Mucositis (grades >=3)
RR 1.20 [0.96, 1.51]
4 studies · 1495 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 to 70 months · Xerostomia (all grades)
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.04]
3 studies · 1417 participants
GRADE not reported

Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids

Adverse effects · adults with urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Weight loss vs control

Adverse effects · adults with urinary incontinence

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported

Brachytherapy vs brachytherapy plus radiotherapy

Adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Brachytherapy showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with brachytherapy plus radiotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.17 [0.44, 3.15]
2 studies · 554 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · people with glaucoma or ocular hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 650 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · people with glaucoma or ocular hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Urokinase (any strength) vs placebo

Adverse effects · patients with occluded central venous catheter

It is very uncertain whether urokinase (any strength) changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.88 [0.38, 21.93]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Interactive computer intervention vs usual care

Adverse effects · adults with overweight or obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interactive computer‐based interventions for weight loss or weight maintenance in overweight or obese people 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · Preschool children from socially disadvantaged families

1 finding from 1 review

Home‐based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another therapy, placebo, or no treatment

Adverse effects · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)…
0 studies
No studies found

Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream with occlusive dressing vs clobetasol cream 0.05% cream

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

Adverse effects including pain, gingivitis, enamel decalcification and root resorption · Participants who previously underwent orthodontic treatment, with subsequent crowding (relapse) of the lower front teeth (lower incisors…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
0 studies
No studies found

Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream with occlusive dressing vs clobetasol cream 0.05% cream

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects ( · patients with big toe joint osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Laser therapy vs plastic tube

All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Laser showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with plastic tube (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.33 [0.87, 6.24]
2 studies · 80 participants
Moderate

Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent

All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Covered Ultraflex SEMS showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with covered Wallstent (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.61 [0.27, 1.38]
2 studies · 120 participants
Moderate

Anti‐reflux vs standard open stent

All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Anti‐reflux showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with standard open stent (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.86 [0.38, 1.94]
2 studies · 106 participants
Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse effects: acne · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: acne compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.15 [0.03, 0.67]
4 studies · 270 participants
Low

PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance

Common adverse effects · people with mycosis fungoides

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for mycosis fungoides 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
GRADE not reported

IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA

Common adverse effects · people with mycosis fungoides

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for mycosis fungoides 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found