What do systematic reviews say?

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups (Kolseth 2005).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  The study reported more drug-related adverse effects for those treated with prednisone than montelukast.
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

LongoVital (herbal component alone) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups (Kolseth 2005). 'Very few and mostly harmless side-effects' were observed (Bratel 2005).
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Home‐based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another therapy, placebo, or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Prophylactic valaciclovir (lower dose) vs Prophylactic valaciclovir (higher dose)

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study reported adverse effects (Warkentin 2002). Twenty patients allocated to receive high dose valaciclovir reported adverse effects (42%); for the low dose group this number was 27 (52%). Adverse effects were…
  1 study · 100 participants
  GRADE not reported

Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs placebo

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were assessed in both studies. For intravenous aciclovir the most commonly reported adverse effect was a reaction at the injection site (8 (16%) aciclovir versus 3 (7%) placebo; all patients, n = 97);…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were reported in nine trials. Diagnosis was by evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms (e.g. rash, neurological impairment) and by laboratory tests including renal and hepatic function. None of the…
  9 studies
  GRADE not reported

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Laser therapy vs plastic tube

Laser showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with plastic tube (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.33 [0.87, 6.24]
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Moderate

Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent

Covered Ultraflex SEMS showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with covered Wallstent (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.27, 1.38]
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐reflux vs standard open stent

Anti‐reflux showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with standard open stent (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.38, 1.94]
  2 studies · 106 participants
  Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids may leads to lower adverse effects: acne compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.15 [0.03, 0.67]
  4 studies · 270 participants
  Low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

• Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Very low

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

PUVA maintenance vs no maintenance

• Interventions for mycosis fungoides 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  GRADE not reported

IFN‐α + PUVA vs PUVA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for mycosis fungoides 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic tranexamic acid vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found