Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 94 findings · 27 reviews

No studies found 10 · 10.6%GRADE not reported 23 · 24.5%Very low 29 · 30.9%Low 6 · 6.4%Moderate 24 · 25.5%High 2 · 2.1%

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin (systemic; 10 mg/kg/day for 16 weeks) vs Colchicine (systemic; 1 mg daily)

Safety of the intervention (adverse effects) · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review

Oral miltefosine (50 mg for 28 days) vs 28 days on/off placebo regimen

Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Oral miltefosine (50 mg for 28 days) probably leads to higher adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) compared with placebo (same regimen) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether INTERMITTENT (DRUG HOLIDAY) changes adverse effects: tardive dyskinesia: long term (+ 26 weeks) as… compared with MAINTENANCE THERAPY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Xylitol lozenges (5 g/day) vs placebo control

Adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, loose stool or diarrhoea) · adults
1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: j. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE

Tremor · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: specific ‐ tremor by 7 days compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: k. ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus high dose (greater than… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days vs SCS treatment

Adverse drug effects Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, symptomatic gastrointestinal reflux, symptoms of congestive heart failure or ischaemic heart disease, sleep disturbance, fractures, depression · exacerbations of COPD

SCS treatment for 7 or fewer days showed no clear difference in adverse drug effects Gastrointestinal tract bleeding, symptomatic… compared with SCS treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus high dose ( greater than or equal to 10 mg) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase) compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) · patients to psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: Specific ‐ rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase) compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review