What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mycophenolate mofetil vs levamisole

Mycophenolate mofetil showed no clear difference in adverse effects: abdominal pain compared with levamisole (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [0.66, 2.4]
  1 study · 149 participants
  Low

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin

Mycophenolate mofetil may leads to lower adverse effects: hypertrichosis compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.23 [0.1, 0.5]
  3 studies · 140 participants
  Low

Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin

Alkylating agents may leads to lower adverse effects: hypertrichosis compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.06 [0.01, 0.4]
  2 studies · 106 participants
  Low

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

• Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Measured in only 1 study (834 participants), which reported no serious events and 64 non-serious events, the most common of which were oral cavity disturbances (not defined) and dental staining.
  1 study · 834 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin

Mycophenolate mofetil may leads to lower adverse effects: gum hypertrophy compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.02, 0.47]
  3 studies · 144 participants
  Low

Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin

Alkylating agents may leads to lower adverse effects: gum hypertrophy compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.08 [0.01, 0.59]
  2 studies · 106 participants
  Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 114 participants
  Very low

Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin

Alkylating agents showed no clear difference in adverse effects: serum creatinine compared with cyclosporin (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.69]
  2 studies · 106 participants
  Low

Rituximab vs placebo or control

Rituximab showed no clear difference in adverse effects: severe infection compared with placebo or control (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.26, 3.15]
  3 studies · 222 participants
  Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Cyclophosphamide may leads to lower adverse effects: thrombocytopenia compared with chlorambucil (low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

It is very uncertain whether cyclophosphamide changes adverse effects: severe infection compared with chlorambucil (very low certainty).

• Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.63 [0.23, 91.81]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fluoridated milk vs Non-fluoridated milk

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No evidence found. (Correspondence with the author (Maslak 2004) confirmed that no adverse effects were reported.)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Blood pressure‐lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  20 studies · 3698 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in any adverse side effects (total), as defined and reported by trial… (low certainty).

• Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.14 [0.94, 4.86]
  7 studies · 901 participants
  Low

IVIg vs prednisolone

Primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) showed no clear difference in incidence of any adverse effects after treatment initiation (up to 3… compared with prednisolone (low certainty).

• Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.18 [0.19, 89.48]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Low