What do systematic reviews say?

Oral nutritional supplements vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 373 participants
  GRADE not reported

Preoperative parenteral nutrition vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 260 participants
  GRADE not reported

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 26 participants
  GRADE not reported

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Add‐on felbamate vs placebo

• Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 236 participants
  Very low

Recombinant human growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention

• Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 20 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Eslicarbazepine acetate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Add‐on lamotrigine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether add‐on lamotrigine changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant generalised tonic‐clonic seizures 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.29, 2.86]
  2 studies · 270 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing

Hyperbaric oxygen leads to higher adverse effects compared with air breathing (high certainty).

• Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.35 [1.66, 3.33]
  7 studies · 779 participants
  High

Diazepam gel vs Placebo gel

Diazepam gel showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with placebo gel (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.94, 2.37]
  2 studies · 165 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 264 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Intravenous lorazepam vs intravenous diazepam/intravenous phenytoin combination

Lorazepam IV showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with diazepam plus phenytoin IV (moderate certainty).

• Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.63, 1.15]
  2 studies · 370 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for improving adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 650 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Compression therapy for treating post‐thrombotic syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Compression therapy for treating post‐thrombotic syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower adverse effects ( (low certainty).

• Compression therapy for prevention of post‐thrombotic syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1296 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Hormone replacement therapy for women with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low