What do systematic reviews say?

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic + UE Strengthening vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training vs control

Acute to Chronic MND: Scapulothoracic/UE Endurance Training led to lower adverse effects compared with CONTROL; GRADE not reported.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic MND: Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Stretch + UE Endurance Training vs no treatment or waiting list

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acute Radiculopathy: Cervical Stretch/ROM + Cervical/Scapulothoracic/UE Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs WAIT LIST

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chronic MND: Cervical Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening + Static/Dynamic Cervical/Shoulder Stabilization vs WAIT LIST

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs no intervention

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic MND: Cervical/UE Stretch/ROM Exercises + Cervical/Scapulothoracic+/‐UE Strengthening + Dynamic/Static Cervical Stabilization + ANOTHER INTERVENTION vs THAT SAME INTERVENTION

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 8 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs manual therapy

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in adverse events/side effects compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.01 [0.84, 1.21]
  20 studies · 3780 participants
  High

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

• Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

• Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multivitamin vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Targeted mass media intervention vs general population mass media intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors leads to higher gastrointestinal adverse effects: diarrhoea compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.1 [2.74, 3.5]
  29 studies · 20623 participants
  High

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors probably leads to higher psychiatric adverse effects (roflumilast 500 µg) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.13 [1.79, 2.54]
  14 studies · 11168 participants
  Moderate

Mucolytic vs placebo

Mucolytic probably leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.84 [0.74, 0.94]
  24 studies · 7264 participants
  Moderate

Brief intervention vs no intervention or minimal intervention

• Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 5 participants
  Very low