What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin D vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 464 participants
  Low

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 495 participants
  Low

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low
• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low
• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation changes ulcer healing (absolute change in individual parameters of ulcer… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Magnesium and vitamin E co‐supplementation vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nutritional interventions for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium showed no clear difference in persons with hypercalcaemia ‐ Vitamin D (D2, D3 or 25(OH)D) plus… compared with control or placebo (low certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.29 [0.37, 29.14]
  2 studies · 3853 participants
  Low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium leads to higher persons with renal disease (calculi or insufficiency) ‐ Vitamin D… compared with control or placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
  2 studies · 39552 participants
  High

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium showed no clear difference in deaths ‐ Vitamin D (D2, D3, 25(OH)D) plus calcium (1 year estimate) compared with control or placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
  6 studies · 46794 participants
  High

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 800 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins probably leads to lower birth weight < 2500g Standard beam balance to nearest 10g compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.38, 0.81]
  1 study · 800 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.1]
  1 study · 888 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational‐age Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.4, 0.83]
  1 study · 768 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins probably leads to lower foetal death (stillbirth and miscarriage) compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.39, 0.94]
  1 study · 1021 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1021 participants
  Moderate