Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

72 questions · 75 findings · 10 reviews

No studies found 17 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 5 · 6.7%Very low 33 · 44%Low 10 · 13.3%Moderate 9 · 12%High 1 · 1.3%

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals changes gestational diabetes compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy or both) · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to late AMD (neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, or both) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to neovascular AMD · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to neovascular AMD compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to geographic atrophy · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement showed no clear difference in progression to geographic atrophy compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review