What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 464 participants
  Low

Vitamin A vs placebo

• Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 495 participants
  Low

Vitamin E vs Placebo (not a true placebo)

Vitamin E showed no clear difference in mucositis eradicated compared with placebo (not a true placebo); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 6.00 [0.89, 40.31]
  1 study · 18 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: fat‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: fat‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: fat‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: fat‐soluble vitamin E vs control

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium showed no clear difference in persons with hypercalcaemia ‐ Vitamin D (D2, D3 or 25(OH)D) plus… compared with control or placebo (low certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.29 [0.37, 29.14]
  2 studies · 3853 participants
  Low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium leads to higher persons with renal disease (calculi or insufficiency) ‐ Vitamin D… compared with control or placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
  2 studies · 39552 participants
  High

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or control

Vitamin D [D2, D3 or 25(OH)D] plus calcium showed no clear difference in deaths ‐ Vitamin D (D2, D3, 25(OH)D) plus calcium (1 year estimate) compared with control or placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post‐menopausal women and older men 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
  6 studies · 46794 participants
  High

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  A single trial at high risk of bias (Kolseth 2005) randomised participants to the herbal component of LongoVital alone or LongoVital with herbal plus vitamin component. Data presented as medians with 95% CIs,…
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups (Kolseth 2005).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: water‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: water‐soluble vitamin E vs control

Summary of findings: water‐soluble vitamin E may leads to higher vitamin E levels in serum: umol/L compared with control (low certainty).

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 19.74 [13.48, 26]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: water‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: water‐soluble vitamin E vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 800 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins probably leads to lower birth weight < 2500g Standard beam balance to nearest 10g compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.38, 0.81]
  1 study · 800 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.68, 1.1]
  1 study · 888 participants
  Moderate

Multivitamin vs no multivitamins

Multivitamins probably leads to lower small‐for‐gestational‐age Gestational age was determined using date… compared with no multivitamins (moderate certainty).

• Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.4, 0.83]
  1 study · 768 participants
  Moderate