Maternal anaemia · pregnant women
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal anaemia compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Child cognitive outcomes · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Neural tube defects ‐ not reported · pregnant women
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on cumulative risk (%, adjusted for clustering) ‐ term infants · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
It is very uncertain whether neonatal vitamin A supplementation changes all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant Mortality at 6 Months · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal mortality · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause neonatal mortality: risk ratios based on cumulative risk… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐ bulging fontanelle · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation leads to higher adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vomiting · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: diarrhoea 48 to 72 hours · mortality and morbidity in term neonates
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal adverse events · pregnant women and their infants..
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hypercalcaemia: RR 3.80 (95% CI 0.90 to 16.12), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Subperiosteal erosions · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Subperiosteal erosions: RR 0.41 (95% CI 0.07 to 2.38), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · Adults with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Mortality: RR 1.40 (95% CI 0.38 to 5.15), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review