Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (24 hours… compared with nalbuphine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 3 to 5 years CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes all‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
At least 30% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
At least 50% reduction in pain · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain no worse than mild at one or two weeks (or equivalent) · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient Global Impression of Change much or very much improved · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events (death) · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
Other adverse events · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Treatment withdrawal · people with cancer pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Outcomesa · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Outcomesa · patients with osteoarthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review
Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review