Proportion of children with AOM (overall) · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic probably leads to lower proportion of children with AOM (overall) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of children with AOM: children not prone to AOM · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic probably leads to lower proportion of children with AOM: children not prone to AOM compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of children with AOM: children prone to AOM · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic showed no clear difference in proportion of children with AOM: children prone to AOM compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of AOM · children up to age 18 years
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time off school for child · children up to age 18 years
1 finding from 1 review
Difference in the use of antibiotics · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic probably leads to lower difference in the use of antibiotics compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Difference in proportion of children with other infections · children up to age 18 years
Probiotic probably leads to lower difference in proportion of children with other infections compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of diarrhoea · children with persistent diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Stool frequency on day 5 · children with persistent diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · children with persistent diarrhoea
1 finding from 1 review
Death from any cause ‐ not measured · children with persistent diarrhoea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Weight‐for‐age z score ‐ not measured · children with persistent diarrhoea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Clinical relapse · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) changes clinical relapse (12 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maintenance of clinical remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
Probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) showed no clear difference in maintenance of clinical remission (24 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) changes withdrawal due to adverse events (12 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for extra treatment · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found