Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

57 questions · 64 findings · 7 reviews

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No studies found 11 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 5 · 7.8%Very low 29 · 45.3%Low 14 · 21.9%Moderate 2 · 3.1%High 3 · 4.7%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Kappa‐opioid agonist VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 661 participants
High

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Mu‐opioid antagonist VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 62 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Nalbuphine VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 179 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Cromolyn VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Nicotinamide VAS(0 to 5 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

EPO Duo score(0 to 40) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Cholestyramine 0 to 3 severity scale · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 15 participants
Low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Smoking cessation · young people

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes bupropion vs placebo Smoking cessation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.49 [0.55, 4.02]
1 study · 207 participants
Very low
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.41, 2.69]
1 study · 211 participants
Very low
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.48, 2.58]
2 studies · 385 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse events (control ‐ placebo) · young people

3 findings from 1 review

Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 207 participants
Very low
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 211 participants
Very low
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 385 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Comparisons and outcomes · young people

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Secondary outcome: quality of life · people within 3 months after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Low

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Psychological well‐being (secondary outcome) Not addressed · people within 3 months after stroke

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Low
Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Satisfaction with intervention (secondary outcome) Not addressed · people within 3 months after stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Marital/relationship/partner satisfaction (secondary outcome) Not addressed · people within 3 months after stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Secondary outcome: all adverse events · people within 3 months after stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Effect on later sexual function · people within 3 months after stroke

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Low

Non‐pharmaceutical interventions vs placebo/usual care or different forms of intervention

Sexual satisfaction · people within 3 months after stroke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ short‐term: < 6 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.44 [0.08, 2.46]
1 study · 23 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ medium term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ medium‐term: 6‐12 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.81 [0.23, 2.82]
3 studies · 233 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ long‐term: >12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

1 finding from 1 review

Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported