What do systematic reviews say?

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 399 participants
  Low

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.08, 1.85]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]
  2 studies · 380 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1582 participants
  High

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations probably leads to lower respiratory‐related hospital admissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.69 [0.51, 0.94]
  14 studies · 3157 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in all‐cause hospital admissions compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.54, 1.03]
  10 studies · 2467 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations changes respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.94 [1.2, 3.13]
  7 studies · 1219 participants
  Very low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 217 participants
  Low

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 740 participants
  Moderate

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in courses of oral steroids compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.38 [0.55, 34.91]
  4 studies · 963 participants
  Low

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use showed no clear difference in HIV incidence (person/years) compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.69, 1.19]
  4 studies · 14279 participants
  Moderate

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use showed no clear difference in HIV prevalence compared with standard care (low certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.79, 1.32]
  3 studies · 9042 participants
  Low

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use showed no clear difference in herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV‐2) incidence (person/years) compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.55, 1.04]
  2 studies · 3877 participants
  Moderate

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use showed no clear difference in HSV‐2 prevalence compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.85, 1.2]
  2 studies · 2974 participants
  Moderate

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use showed no clear difference in two or more sexual partners in last year compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.04]
  5 studies · 4008 participants
  Moderate

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use probably leads to higher use of condom during last sexual intercourse compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [1.03, 1.4]
  3 studies · 1898 participants
  Moderate

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use vs usual care

Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use probably leads to higher knowledge: condom can prevent STIs compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Structural and community‐level interventions for increasing condom use to prevent the transmission of HIV and other… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [1.07, 1.41]
  3 studies · 1231 participants
  Moderate

Brief advocacy interventions for women who experience intimate partner abuse vs (Optimised) usual care

• Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well‐being of women… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Moderate

Brief advocacy interventions for women who experience intimate partner abuse vs (Optimised) usual care

• Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well‐being of women… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 558 participants
  Low