Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

242 questions · 251 findings · 27 reviews

No studies found 44 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 3 · 1.2%Very low 69 · 27.5%Low 70 · 27.9%Moderate 52 · 20.7%High 13 · 5.2%

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Abstinence · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to higher abstinence at 0 to 5 months postpartum compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower low birthweight (under 2500 g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Stillbirth · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower NICU admissions compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Taking adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence showed no clear difference in taking adherence compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Dosing adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence may leads to higher dosing adherence compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Timing adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence showed no clear difference in timing adherence compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Drug holidays · solid organ transplant recipients

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence showed no clear difference in drug holidays compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Adherence · solid organ transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence changes self‐reported adherence (proportion) compared with standard care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence vs usual care

Proportion of immunosuppressant trough concentration levels at target · solid organ transplant recipients

It is very uncertain whether interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence changes proportion of immunosuppressant trough concentration levels at target compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review