What do systematic reviews say?

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]
  5719 participants
  Low
• Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with chronic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
  16 studies · 3296 participants
  Moderate

Intervention vs active comparison

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Tailored or adapted interventions for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and at least one other… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.35]
  2 studies · 177 participants
  Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Interventions targeting vehicular sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Interventions targeting industrial sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Interventions targeting residential sources vs practice

• Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.62 [0.39, 1.01]
  9 studies · 1886 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.6, 1.85]
  1 study · 192 participants
  Low

Single component intervention vs control

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve adherence to pharmacological therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.92 [0.6, 1.41]
  3 studies · 404 participants
  Very low