Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

63 questions · 64 findings · 11 reviews

No studies found 2 · 3.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 6.3%Very low 12 · 18.8%Low 29 · 45.3%Moderate 17 · 26.6%High 0 · 0%

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Time to symptom resolution · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in symptom resolution: duration to symptoms resolved compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

It is very uncertain whether inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care changes serious adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Infections · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care showed no clear difference in infections compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Respiratory exacerbations: number of days on intravenous antibiotics for respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids changes respiratory exacerbations: number of days on intravenous antibiotics… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs beclomethasone

Linear growth velocity (cm/year) · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… may leads to higher linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with beclomethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children with persistent asthma: fluticasone vs budesonide

Linear growth velocity (cm/year) · children up to 18 years of age with persistent asthma

It is very uncertain whether effects of different inhaled corticosteroids on growth in children… changes linear growth velocity (cm/year) compared with budesonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review