Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

901 questions · 1,073 findings · 138 reviews

No studies found 166 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 310 · 28.9%Very low 213 · 19.9%Low 227 · 21.2%Moderate 132 · 12.3%High 25 · 2.3%

Clobazam (low, medium and high doses) plus ASMs vs placebo plus ASMs

Number of participants with adverse events leading to study discontinuation · Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, any age

Clobazam (low, medium and high doses) plus ASMs leads to higher number of participants with adverse events leading to study… compared with placebo plus ASMs (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Myocardial infarction · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Stroke · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

It is very uncertain whether homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) changes stroke compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) vs homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose)

Death by any cause · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (high dose) showed no clear difference in death by any cause compared with homocysteine‐lowering interventions (low dose) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High sodium dialysate vs standard sodium dialysate

Dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome · patients requiring haemodialysis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ High sodium dialysate changes dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome compared with standard sodium dialysate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ High sodium dialysate vs standard sodium dialysate

Severe dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome · patients requiring haemodialysis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ High sodium dialysate changes severe dialysis dysequilibrium syndrome compared with standard sodium dialysate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher consumption of snacks / sugar / soft drinks vs Lower consumption

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

Higher snacking and soft-drink/sugar consumption were associated with more caries in most studies, though one study found no association with sweet-consumption frequency (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) changes mortality (at the end of compared with lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

Pneumonia · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) changes pneumonia (until discontinued or up to 28 days) compared with lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review