What do systematic reviews say?

Exercise vs no exercise

• Physical exercise for people with cirrhosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 81 participants
  Low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Physical exercise for people with cirrhosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 72 participants
  Low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Physical exercise for people with cirrhosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 128 participants
  Low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Physical exercise for people with cirrhosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 105 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes mortality compared with no exercise (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.06, 15.78]
  6 studies · 421 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes serious adverse events compared with no exercise (very low certainty).

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.98, 1.05]
  5 studies · 381 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 224 participants
  Low
• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 224 participants
  Low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with atrial fibrillation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 272 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 120 participants
  Moderate

Physical exercise training vs no exercise

• Exercise training for advanced lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 59 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control group

• Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 135 participants
  Moderate
• Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 182 participants
  High

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

• Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 138 participants
  Very low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

• Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 44 participants
  Very low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

It is very uncertain whether upper limb exercise training changes vascular access complications (isometric versus isotonic exercise… compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (very low certainty).

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.54 [0.38, 17.08]
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Upper limb exercise training showed no clear difference in ultrasound maturation (isotonic exercise training versus no… compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.94, 1.25]
  2 studies · 263 participants
  Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Upper limb exercise training may leads to higher ultrasound maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.56 [1.21, 2]
  3 studies · 160 participants
  Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Upper limb exercise training may leads to higher clinical maturation (isotonic exercise training versus no… compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [1.02, 1.27]
  2 studies · 263 participants
  Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Upper limb exercise training may leads to higher clinical maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.8 [1.18, 2.76]
  3 studies · 160 participants
  Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 160 participants
  Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

• Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 93 participants
  Very low