Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

51 questions · 51 findings · 4 reviews

No studies found 14 · 27.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 13 · 25.5%Low 12 · 23.5%Moderate 7 · 13.7%High 5 · 9.8%

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach (assessed at any time) · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia probably leads to higher failure of analgesic technique requiring alternative approach… compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

Adverse events (assessed at any time during · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in adverse events (assessed at any time during compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs peripheral nerve blocks

Duration of tracheal intubation · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes duration of tracheal intubation compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia vs peripheral nerve blocks

Pain at rest at 6 to 8 hours (score from 0 to 10) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes pain at rest at 6 to 8hours after surgery (score from 0 to 10) compared with peripheral nerve blocks (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review