What do systematic reviews say?

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs an intervention to regulate drug reimbursement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs an intervention to regulate drug reimbursement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs an intervention to regulate drug reimbursement

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): no difference in the prevalence of denture stomatitis between the groups.
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study (Schou 1989), at unclear risk of bias and analysing 114 residents, provided insufficient evidence to determine whether denture plaque scores are lower when educating residents or nursing staff without…
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention with information only (theoretical dental health education, no practical training) vs usual care

• Oral health educational interventions for nursing home staff and residents 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Schou 1989 (114 residents, unclear risk of bias): the number of residents reporting correct denture cleaning habits increased, but not significantly compared to baseline (baseline N = 28; follow-up N = 38).
  1 study · 114 participants
  GRADE not reported

Higher parental education (tertiary) vs Lower parental education (reference)

Paternal tertiary education was associated with lower odds of ECC (OR 0.381).

• Prevalence and risk factors for early childhood caries in North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes

  Egypt (Kabil 2017) · Paternal tertiary education [Kabil]
  OR 0.381 [0.16, 0.91]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Prevalence and risk factors for early childhood caries in North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes

  Egypt (Kabil 2017) · Maternal tertiary education [Kabil]
  OR 0.083 [0.03, 0.21]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported
• Prevalence and risk factors for early childhood caries in North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2025 All outcomes

  Tunisia (Chouchene 2022) · Parents' education level [Chouchene]
  OR 0.797 [0.171, 0.650]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Higher parental / maternal education vs Lower parental education (reference)

Higher parental education is associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).

• Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomes

  Community/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
  Adolescents from families with higher incomes and higher levels of maternal education have better OHRQoL scores [34]. Children from families with high income, parental education and family economy had better OHRQoL [42].
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Enhanced education vs control versus usual care

Enhanced education probably leads to higher correct inhaler technique compared with control versus usual care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5 [1.83, 13.65]
  3 studies · 258 participants
  Moderate

Enhanced education vs control versus usual care

• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 247 participants
  Very low
• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.18 [1.47, 6.88]
  2 studies · 134 participants
  Low

Enhanced education vs control versus usual care

Enhanced education showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring at least OCS 26 weeks compared with control versus usual care (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.32 [0.49, 3.55]
  1 study · 158 participants
  Low

Enhanced education vs control versus usual care

• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 247 participants
  Low

Enhanced education vs control versus usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to improve inhaler technique for people with asthma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION changes compliance: Not compliant with medication compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.48 [0.31, 0.75]
  3 studies · 282 participants
  Very low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION changes compliance: 2a. With compared with STANDARD CARE (very low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.48, 1.23]
  2 studies · 172 participants
  Very low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION showed no clear difference in compliance: 2b. With compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.38, 1.04]
  2 studies · 206 participants
  Low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower relapse: 1. Relapse for any reason ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.62, 0.85]
  6 studies · 790 participants
  Low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower relapse: 2. Relapse with readmission ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.56, 0.89]
  2 studies · 206 participants
  Low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION may leads to lower satisfaction with mental health services: 3. binary outcome ‐ medium… compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.17, 0.96]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Low

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION vs usual care

ANY FORM OF PSYCHOEDUCATION showed no clear difference in adverse event: Death ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE (low certainty).

• Psychoeducation for schizophrenia 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.24, 8.11]
  2 studies · 344 participants
  Low