Wound infection · lower gastrointestinal surgery
It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… changes wound infection compared with later commencement (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intraabdominal abscess · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in intraabdominal abscess compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anastomotic leakage/dehiscence · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage/dehiscence compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in pneumonia (within hospital stay) compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in vomiting compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea · lower gastrointestinal surgery
Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in nausea compared with later commencement (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea and vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery
It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… changes nausea and vomiting compared with later commencement (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in the total population randomised · critically ill patients
Early physical therapy showed no clear difference in occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in the total population randomised compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population · critically ill patients
Early physical therapy probably leads to lower occurrence of CIP/CIM ‐ in screened population compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events ‐ in total population randomised · critically ill patients
Early physical therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events ‐ in total population randomised compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hearing ‐ return to normal *Ventilation tubes versus laser myringotomy (6 to 12 months ‐ medium‐term) Adjusted for non‐independence of within‐individual measurements Assumed ICC of 0.5 № of participants: 132 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes hearing ‐ return to normal hearing Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.03]
Studies not reported
Very low
Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.74]
Studies not reported
Very low
Adverse event: persistent perforation · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)
It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes adverse event: persistent perforation compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Death by AKI aetiology: non‐surgical causes · AKI
Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in death by AKI aetiology: non‐surgical causes compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death by AKI aetiology: surgical causes · AKI
Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in death by AKI aetiology: surgical causes compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous KRT · AKI
Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous and intermittent KRT · AKI
Subgroup analyses: early showed no clear difference in kidney recovery functionby KRT: continuous and intermittent KRT compared with standard initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)
Early-childhood oral hygiene and dietary habits show inconsistent associations with permanent-teeth caries, often losing significance after adjustment for past caries (2 studies; not pooled; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review