Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

72 questions · 90 findings · 8 reviews

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No studies found 4 · 4.4%GRADE not reported 8 · 8.9%Very low 30 · 33.3%Low 28 · 31.1%Moderate 20 · 22.2%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured for this comparison.
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs AC

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
23 studies · 3235 participants
Moderate

CBT vs TAU

Functional disability at 3 months ‐ not measured · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 2524 participants
Low

CBT vs TAU

Disability at · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1581 participants
Low

CBT vs TAU

Distress at · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 studies · 2559 participants
Moderate
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1757 participants
Moderate

CBT vs AC

Pain intensity (measure on a 0‐3 four‐point scale) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2362 participants
Moderate

CBT vs AC

Disability at the end of treatment as measured by multiple scales including RMDQ, AIMS Higher scores indicate higher levels of disability · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 2543 participants
Moderate

CBT vs AC

Disability at · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1919 participants
Low

CBT vs AC

Distress at · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
24 studies · 3297 participants
Moderate
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2363 participants
Moderate

CBT vs AC

AEs · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 689 participants
Very low

CBT vs TAU

Pain intensity (measure on a 0‐3 four‐point scale) · chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 1674 participants
Moderate

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 1256 participants
Very low

Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 106 participants
Very low

Non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether non‐TFCBT changes leaving the study early due to any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.96 [0.7, 5.48]
5 studies · 141 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 185 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether group TFCBT changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.94, 1.55]
7 studies · 573 participants
Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06]
33 studies · 1756 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs non‐TFCBT

Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 325 participants
Very low

Group TFCBT vs non‐TFCBT

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 360 participants
Very low

Group non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Leaving the study early · Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 47 participants
Very low