Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

335 questions · 350 findings · 37 reviews

No studies found 69 · 19.7%GRADE not reported 45 · 12.9%Very low 92 · 26.3%Low 114 · 32.6%Moderate 30 · 8.6%High 0 · 0%

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Global state: 2. Clinically important change (no improvement) ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes global state: 2. Clinically important change (no improvement) ‐ long… compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement)… compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE changes adverse events: General: any adverse event compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) · patients with schizophrenia

CBT showed no clear difference in mental state: General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement) compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review