What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 66.7%Moderate 1 · 33.3%High 0 · 0%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.61, 1.06]
1 study · 579 participants
Low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.32, 0.78]
4 studies · 1174 participants
Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation commencing before or early in pregnancy, for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.66, 1]
1 study · 633 participants
Low