Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

149 questions · 150 findings · 20 reviews

No studies found 12 · 8%GRADE not reported 18 · 12%Very low 60 · 40%Low 43 · 28.7%Moderate 12 · 8%High 5 · 3.3%

ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: 2. Not improved (BPRS, < 30% decrease in BPRS score) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: BPRS (not improved, reduced rate < 30%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: Not improved, endpoint ‐ medium‐term (various similar criteria) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes global state: Not improved, endpoint ‐ medium‐term (various similar… compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes mental state: PANSS (not improved, reduced rated < 25%, short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

ACUPUNCTURE added to STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to lower adverse effects: Central Nervous System ‐ insomnia (short‐term) compared with STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs CBT plus antipsychotics

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Participants with at least one AE (separated time… compared with CBT plus antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (separated time points) ‐ < 12 months · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics vs antipsychotics

Leaving the study early/ loss to · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ CBT without antipsychotics changes leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85)

It is very uncertain whether comparison 2: Antipsychotics changes treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Dropouts due to adverse events · adults (aged 18‐85)

Comparison 2: Antipsychotics showed no clear difference in treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review