What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in antimicrobial resistance compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in kidney transplant recipients 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.6, 2.41]
  1 study · 112 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 202 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 107 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 116 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes clinical treatment failure (Persistent or worsening symptoms at the… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.62, 1.25]
  7 studies · 440 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes presence of diarrhoea at 2‐4 days compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.75 [0.42, 7.21]
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low
• Antimicrobials for treating symptomatic non‐typhoidal Salmonella infection 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.62, 1.12]
  2 studies · 192 participants
  Very low

Nasal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.67, 1.31]
  3 studies · 338 participants
  Low

Nasal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/ tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [0.62, 2.87]
  3 studies · 338 participants
  Low

Nasal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.48, 1.78]
  2 studies · 289 participants
  Low

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.57, 1.19]
  5 studies · 395 participants
  Low

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.19, 1.04]
  3 studies · 191 participants
  Low

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial agents for preventing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.46, 1.46]
  5 studies · 395 participants
  Low