Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

553 questions · 569 findings · 62 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 145 · 25.5%GRADE not reported 27 · 4.7%Very low 157 · 27.6%Low 124 · 21.8%Moderate 81 · 14.2%High 35 · 6.2%

Antibiotics vs placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics · prolonged wet cough in children

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in children experiencing adverse effects of antibiotics (e.g.… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs topical treatments

Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum ‐ Antibiotics… compared with topical treatments (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · people with CSOM; one study included patients of unknown age; one study included children with CSOM who had not responded to initial…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics changes resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks (4 weeks)… compared with no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review