Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 6 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 3 · 33.3%Moderate 3 · 33.3%High 2 · 22.2%

Antibiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · exacerbations of COPD

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.27 [0.49, 3.3]
1 study · 301 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality WMD of · Adults (aged 40 or over) with COPD presenting with 1 or more exacerbations in the previous year. The 2 larger studies (Albert 2011; Sethi…

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.87 [0.66, 1.15]
6 studies · 3309 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality maximum · patients with coronary heart disease

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at maximum compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.13]
20 studies · 25774 participants
High

Antibiotics vs placebo

Inpatient mortality · exacerbations of COPD

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ inpatients compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.48 [0.94, 6.55]
2 studies · 214 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality at 24±6 months · patients with coronary heart disease

Antibiotics leads to higher all‐cause mortality at 24±6 months compared with placebo or no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.06, 1.48]
6 studies · 9517 participants
High

Antibiotics vs placebo

ICU mortality · exacerbations of COPD

Antibiotics probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality ‐ ICU patients compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.21 [0.06, 0.72]
1 study · 93 participants
Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · farmworkers, soldiers, and people in endemic areas

Summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.83]
1 study · 782 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for treatment of leptospirosis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.57 [0.65, 3.79]
3 studies · 367 participants
Very low

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · neonates with sepsis

Pentoxifylline with antibiotics (any dose or duration) may leads to lower all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93]
6 studies · 416 participants
Low