Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) vs placebo or no treatment
Number of major adverse effects defined by the study, before discharge · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery
Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) vs placebo or no treatment
Number of women with sepsis or bacteraemia at hospital discharge · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery
Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques
Muscle strength at ≥ 24 months · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb
Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques
Impact on daily living · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb
Bioengineered nerve conduits and wraps for peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Music therapy plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care
Retention in treatment · people with substance use disorders
Music therapy for people with substance use disorders (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Music therapy plus standard care vs active intervention plus standard care
Serious adverse events · people with substance use disorders
Music therapy for people with substance use disorders (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Music therapy plus standard care vs standard care alone
Serious adverse events · people with substance use disorders
Music therapy for people with substance use disorders (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment
Thromboembolic events5 (Subnet based on 50 studies including 15,408 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment
Thrombocytopenia or haemorrhage5 (Subnet based on 13 studies including 2744 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment
Hypertension5 (Subnet based on 24 studies including 8383 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment
Thrombocytopenia or haemorrhage5 (Subnet based on 13 studies including 2744 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ESA with or without iron vs no treatment
Hypertension5 (Subnet based on 24 studies including 8383 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IV or oral iron alone vs no treatment
Haemoglobin response (Subnet based on 31 studies including 6985 participants) · patients at any age with solid cancer or haematological malignancy
Intravenous iron versus oral iron versus no iron with or without erythropoiesis‐ stimulating agents (ESA)… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs scopolamine
Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs scopolamine
Physiological measures: core temperature and gastric tachyarrhythmia (electrogastrography) · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs scopolamine
Adverse effects: impaired cognitive function · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs antiemetics
Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs antiemetics
Physiological measures: heart rate and core temperature · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs antiemetics
Adverse effects: impaired cognition and blurred vision · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs acupuncture
Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs acupuncture
Physiological measures: heart rate, core temperature and gastric tachyarrhythmia (electrogastrography) · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs acupuncture
Adverse effects: sedation, impaired cognitive function, blurred vision · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs placebo
Proportion of susceptible participants who experienced a reduction or resolution of existing motion sickness symptoms · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Antihistamines vs placebo
Physiological measures: heart rate and core temperature · patients with motion sickness
Antihistamines for motion sickness (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dynamic splinting vs delayed or no splinting
Measurement of acetabular index at 5 years · babies under six months of age with all severities of DDH
Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting
Measurement of acetabular index at 1 year · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips
Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting
Measurement of acetabular index at 2 years · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips
Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting
Measurement of acetabular index at 5 years · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips
Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting
Need for operative intervention · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips
Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Social communication at baseline and · children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests at baseline and · children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy vs no marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy
Incidence of other type of stroke ‒ not measured · stroke and/or TIA
Marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy for stroke (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy vs no marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy
Quality of life ‒ not measured · stroke and/or TIA
Marine‐derived n‐3 fatty acids therapy for stroke (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
PAE vs sham
Erectile function · men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggesting benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatic arterial embolization for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Time to life‐saving cardiovascular intervention
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Quality of life
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs bilevel ventilation
Time to life‐saving cardiovascular intervention
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Cardiovascular mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Quality of sleep
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care
Serious adverse events
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
All‐cause mortality
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies