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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Frequency and length of hospital admissions ‐ not reported · patients with myelodysplastic syndrome Comparison of a restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion policy for patients with myelodysplasia,… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious infections (requiring admission to hospital) ‐ not reported · patients with myelodysplastic syndrome Comparison of a restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion policy for patients with myelodysplasia,… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious bleeding (e.g. WHO/CTCAE grade 3 (or equivalent) or above ) ‐ not reported · patients with myelodysplastic syndrome Comparison of a restrictive versus liberal red cell transfusion policy for patients with myelodysplasia,… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo Quality of life · patients with tension‐type headache Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR At least 30% reduction in pain or equivalent (moderate) · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death · adults with fibromyalgia Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs minimal contact control Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐only interventions Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Health‐related quality of life · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions All‐cause mortality · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Morbidity · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Parent‐child relationship or assessment of parenting · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs parent‐child interventions Socioeconomic effects · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Parent‐only interventions vs waiting list control Adverse events · children with overweight or obesity Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: interventions for patients with multiple episodes of SH or emerging personality problems vs treatment Mentalisation · children and adolescents who engage in SH. Interventions for self‐harm in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cessation of water fluoridation (fluoride removed from the water supply) vs Continued fluoridated water Caries in deciduous teeth (dmft/dmfs) · People of all ages in a previously fluoridated community (Maupome 2001: children with generally low caries experience) Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence to determine the effect of the cessation of water fluoridation on caries in deciduous teeth. No included study reported change in dmft following cessation. | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine spray vs Placebo or no intervention (including routine care) Outcome NR · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with… Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | There were no trials on other products containing chlorhexidine such as sprays, toothpastes, chewing gums or mouthrinses. | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine toothpaste vs Placebo or no intervention (including routine care) Outcome NR · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with… Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | There were no trials on other products containing chlorhexidine such as sprays, toothpastes, chewing gums or mouthrinses. | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Repair of root perforations · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Quality of visualisation of root canal anatomy and morphology · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers) Treatment success (resolution of clinical signs and symptoms with periapical radiographic healing) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment · >=1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and therefore no data analysis was conducted (three potentially eligible trials were identified from 1234 records; all were excluded). | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Total time required to complete the clinical procedure · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed procedure time. In the excluded trial Taschieri 2008, based on the operators' experience, completing the surgical procedure took on average four to five minutes longer for the endoscope than… | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Treatment success (resolution of clinical signs and symptoms with periapical radiographic healing) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment · >=1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria; the only trial comparing three magnification devices (Taschieri 2008) was excluded, so no data analysis was conducted. | NR | No studies |
Barrier techniques (gloves/plasters) vs No treatment Outcome NR · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier) Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children (2015) · Cochrane | There were no studies that looked at barrier techniques or pacifier withdrawal. | 0 studies | No studies |
Sedation (sedative agents administered via any route) vs General anaesthesia Outcome NR · Children and adolescents younger than 18 years having dental treatment (fillings, pulp treatment or tooth extraction);… Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Preformed metal crown (fitted using the Hall Technique) vs Non-restorative caries treatment Satisfaction with treatment · Children with decayed primary molar teeth Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth (2015) · Cochrane | Satisfaction with treatment: No evidence available (Summary of findings 2). | 0 studies | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Quality of visualisation of root canal anatomy and morphology · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Endodontic therapy performed with one type of magnification device (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs Endodontic therapy performed with a different type of magnification device Removal of broken (fractured) instruments from the root canal · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment Magnification devices for endodontic therapy (2015) · Cochrane | No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed. | NR | No studies |
Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration) vs Conventional invasive treatment (restoration / drill and fill) Outcome NR · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in… Micro‐invasive interventions for managing proximal dental decay in primary and permanent teeth (2015) · Cochrane | No studies compared micro-invasive treatments with invasive treatment (fillings) | 0 studies | No studies |
Preformed metal crown (fitted using the Hall Technique) vs Preformed metal crown (fitted using a conventional technique) Outcome NR · Children with decayed primary molar teeth Preformed crowns for decayed primary molar teeth (2015) · Cochrane | None of the included studies compared the effectiveness or safety of the Hall Technique versus the conventional technique of fitting a crown. No RCT evidence found. | 0 studies | No studies |
Any intervention for KCOT (e.g. enucleation), alone or combined with an adjunctive therapy (ostectomy, cryotherapy, or Carnoy's solution) vs A different intervention (e.g. enucleation versus marsupialisation), or the same surgical intervention without the adjunctive therapy Outcome NR · Adults over the age of 18 with a validated diagnosis of solitary keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOT) arising in… Interventions for the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumours (2015) · Cochrane | No randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were identified. In view of the fact that no studies were identified, no data were available for analysis. | 0 studies | No studies |
Chlorhexidine varnish vs Placebo or no treatment Pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction or costs · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with… Chlorhexidine treatment for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | No trials reported on pain, quality of life, patient satisfaction or costs. | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) Normalcy of diet (days of total parenteral nutrition, TPN) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment · Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | Summary of findings for the main comparison (5FU solid cancers): Normalcy of diet (days of total parenteral nutrition) - 'No studies assessed this outcome'. | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs Control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) Number of days unable to take medicine orally · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment · Fluorouracil (5FU) treatment for solid cancers Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015) · Cochrane | No studies reported the number of days unable to take medicine orally (whole review). | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride gel (topically applied; operator- or self-applied; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Caries increment on primary (deciduous) whole teeth (d(m)ft), prevented fraction · Children with primary (deciduous) teeth (mostly preschool children aged under 6 years) · Nearest to 3 years Fluoride gels for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2015) · Cochrane | There were no data on d(m)ft available. | 0 studies | No studies |
Cessation of water fluoridation (fluoride removed from the water supply) vs Continued fluoridated water Disparities in caries across socioeconomic status (SES) · People of all ages in a previously fluoridated community (Maupome 2001: children with generally low caries experience) Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries (2015) · Cochrane | No evidence to determine the effect of the cessation of water fluoridation on disparities in caries across SES. | 0 studies | No studies |
Psychological interventions vs No treatment Occlusion · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier) Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children (2015) · Cochrane | Occlusion: Not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |