Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention
Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)
Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (proportion) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)
Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)
Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Propylthiouracil vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · alcohol‐related disorders (others)
Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Pentoxifylline vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number) · participants with alcoholic hepatitis (all severity)
Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Erythrocytapheresis vs phlebotomy
Health‐related quality of life beyond one year · people with hereditary haemochromatosis
Interventions for hereditary haemochromatosis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Colchicine vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Colchicine vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ciclosporin vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ciclosporin vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ciclosporin vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
D‐Penicillamine vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
D‐Penicillamine vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Colchicine plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Colchicine plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methotrexate plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA
Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methotrexate plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Methotrexate plus ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs UDCA
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Azathioprine vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (proportion) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Azathioprine vs no intervention
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Azathioprine vs no intervention
Health‐related quality of life · people with primary biliary cholangitis
Pharmacological interventions for primary biliary cholangitis (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy
Short‐term and medium‐term mortality · people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy
Adverse events · people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy
Quality of life · people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy
Disease recurrence · people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy
Length of hospital stay · people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Percutaneous alcohol injection vs radiofrequency ablation
Health‐related quality of life · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Laser ablation vs radiofrequency ablation
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Laser ablation vs radiofrequency ablation
Health‐related quality of life · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation vs radiofrequency ablation
Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation vs radiofrequency ablation
Health‐related quality of life · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection
Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection
Health‐related quality of life · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Surgery vs radiofrequency ablation
Health‐related quality of life · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for surgery
Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Emotional distress · women with breast cancer
Online support groups for women with breast cancer (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Uncertainty · women with breast cancer
Online support groups for women with breast cancer (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine
Mental state: clinically important improvement · people with schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine
Service use: readmission due to relapse · people with schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine
Satisfaction of participant or care provider with treatment · people with schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine
Behaviour: aggressive or violent behaviour · people with schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Chlorpromazine vs metiapine
Cost of care · people with schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Interferon‐α alone vs interferon‐α plus bevacizumab
Quality of life · previously untreated patient with mRCC
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Interferon‐α plus bevacizumab vs standard targeted therapies
Quality of life · previously untreated patients with mRCC
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vaccine treatment vs standard therapies
Quality of life · previously untreated patients with mRCC
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies vs standard targeted therapy
Quality of life · previously untreated patients with mRCC
Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Back School vs medical care
Work status Not reported · people with low back pain
Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Back School vs passive physiotherapy
Work status Not reported · people with low back pain.
Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Back School vs exercise
Work status Not reported · people with low back pain
Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies