Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
87 questions in 18 reviews · Implants and prosthodontics
current versionsNo studies 87 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Metal-free single crowns (full-contour zirconia) vs Cast gold (conventional metal) single crowns Periodontal/peri-implant status and occlusal wear (secondary outcomes) · Adults (18 years or older) needing a single crown in the molar or premolar region Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations (2017) · Cochrane | No data were presented for any of the pre-specified secondary outcomes. | 0 studies | No studies |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Treatment costs · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Treatment costs: no trials reported this outcome (extrapolated by the review authors). Additional costs were associated with the long-implant + augmentation group (extra surgery, biomaterial, barrier, hospitalisation… | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Economic factors · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Economic factors were not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Number of visits · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on the number of visits for the comparison of two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Residual overjet at the end of treatment · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on residual overjet at the end of treatment for the comparison of two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Adverse events · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | This outcome was unreported in all included studies | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Residual overjet at the end of treatment · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on residual overjet at the end of treatment | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Patient acceptability · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Acceptability was not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Dual mini-screw implant vs Single mini-screw implant Adverse effects · Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment requiring surgical (mini-screw implant) anchorage Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | Adverse effects were not reported in any of the studies comparing two types of surgical anchorage | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgical anchorage (mini-screw or mid-palatal implant) vs Conventional anchorage (headgear, transpalatal/palatal arch, etc.) Economic factors · Patients of any age undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and requiring anchorage (adolescents to… Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods (2014) · Cochrane | No studies reported on economic evaluation | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Patient satisfaction (and, when possible, preference) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants with bone grafts (as a partial alternative to bone augmentation; some augmentation still required in the frontal maxilla) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Outcome NR · Patients with a severely atrophic maxilla for whom some bone augmentation is still required in the frontal portion of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Complications · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Prosthesis failure (prosthesis could not be placed or loss of prosthesis secondary to implant failure) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Summary of findings 'Zygomatic implants versus conventional implants'; Prosthesis failure: Assumed risk (conventional) Low risk population 10 per 1000, High risk population 100 per 1000; Corresponding risk (zygomatic)… | 0 studies | No studies |
Progressive loading vs Direct loading Outcome NR · Patients who are having osseointegrated root-form dental implants · 1 year Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants (2013) · Cochrane | Progressive loading (direct vs progressive): no trial could be included; we did not identify any trials which evaluated progressive loading of implants. | 0 studies | No studies |
One prophylactic antibiotic vs A different prophylactic antibiotic Outcome NR · Adults undergoing dental implant placement · At least 3 months (planned) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Cost-effectiveness · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants without bone grafts (as a complete alternative to any bone augmentation procedure) vs Conventional dental implants in augmented maxillae Implant failure (mobile implants, removal of stable implants due to progressive marginal bone loss or infection, implant fractures) · Participants with an atrophic maxilla who cannot be rehabilitated with conventional dental implants due to lack of… · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Zygomatic implants for retaining a maxillary obturator vs Non-implant retained obturators, local and regional flaps, or microvascular free flaps Outcome NR · Patients requiring maxillary reconstruction after partial or total maxillectomy (cancer patients) · At least 1 year in function Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in zygomatic bone for the rehabilitation of the… (2013) · Cochrane | Results (Effects of interventions): we could not identify any eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). | 0 studies | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy vs No HBO therapy Cost effectiveness · Patients who have had radiotherapy and who have missing teeth that require replacement with osseointegrated dental… Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require… (2013) · Cochrane | Cost effectiveness data were not presented but it was possible to extrapolate this. | 0 studies | No studies |
Non-surgical interventions vs Surgical interventions Outcome NR · People with at least one dental implant affected by peri-implantitis Interventions for replacing missing teeth: treatment of peri‐implantitis (2012) · Cochrane | Non-surgical versus surgical interventions: no trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Technique to increase peri-implant keratinised/attached mucosa vs No increase of keratinised/attached mucosa Outcome NR · Patients receiving dental implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | No trial: whether the peri-implant keratinised/attached mucosa has to be increased (objective 3a) - no trial identified | 0 studies | No studies |
One suturing technique/material vs A different suturing technique/material Outcome NR · Patients receiving dental implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | No trial: which suturing techniques/materials are most effective (objective 4) - no trial identified | 0 studies | No studies |
One soft tissue correction/augmentation technique vs A different soft tissue correction/augmentation technique Outcome NR · Patients receiving dental implants Interventions for replacing missing teeth: management of soft tissues for dental implants (2012) · Cochrane | No trial: which soft tissue correction/augmentation technique is most effective (objective 2b) - no trial identified | 0 studies | No studies |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Costs · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Noticeable absence of reports about costs of materials associated with denture cleansing methods; no included study assessed costs (Discussion; Implications for research). | 0 studies | No studies |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Adverse effects · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)… | 0 studies | No studies |
Horizontal bone augmentation (any technique) vs No augmentation Outcome NR · Patients with horizontally resorbed maxillary sites needing single implants · At least to abutment connection (planned) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | No trial evaluated whether horizontal bone augmentation is necessary (explicit gap) | 0 studies | No studies |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Patient preference including aesthetics (split-mouth studies only) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | Planned outcome (patient preference including aesthetics, only in split-mouth studies); no included trial reported it. | 0 studies | No studies |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Wearers of removable partial dentures (RPD), over the age of 18 Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | No included study assessed removable partial denture (RPD) wearers; all six included trials assessed complete denture wearers (Discussion; Implications for research: 'No included study assessed removable partial… | 0 studies | No studies |
Ultrasonic treatment or microwave disinfection device vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | The effectiveness of ultrasonic or microwave devices as an intervention for routine use was not studied according to a randomised controlled trial design (Implications for research). | 0 studies | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived comfort · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived masticatory/chewing efficiency · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived masticatory/chewing function · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Adverse reactions · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; no adverse-reaction data were reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Pain following treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; pain following treatment was not reported by the included trial (earlier trial publications reported treatment times, not pain). | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Cost of treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; cost of treatment was not reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Colour match (aesthetic achievement) · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; colour match was not reported by the single included trial (Meijering 1998). | 0 studies | No studies |