What do systematic reviews say?

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

Delayed or non‐union at time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

Outcomes ( · health professionals from the USA and participants (“healthy volunteers from the Biobank cohort”) from the UK

All‐cause mortality · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Non‐fatal MI · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Stroke · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Peripheral artery disease · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Type 2 diabetes · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Stroke · health professionals from the USA and participants (“healthy volunteers from the Biobank cohort”) from the UK

Peripheral artery disease · health professionals from the USA and participants (“healthy volunteers from the Biobank cohort”) from the UK

Systolic blood pressure · health professionals from the USA and participants (“healthy volunteers from the Biobank cohort”) from the UK

Cardiovascular mortality · healthy normal weighted participants recruited through leaflets from Italy

Asymptomatic bacteriuria · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

Changes to previous treatment regimen · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)

Pain · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating)